San Jose de Valderas photographs (UMMO)

On 1 June 1967 several people said they saw a circular object over San Jose de Valderas on the outskirts of Madrid, and photographs reached a Madrid newspaper from an anonymous source; the underside bore the same symbol that Jose Luis Jordan Pena had sketched for a reported landing at Aluche in 1966. The photographs became the centrepiece of the UMMO affair, a long series of typed letters supposedly from extraterrestrials. Ground Saucer Watch concluded the pictures showed a small object, about an eight-inch plate, held close to the camera, and Jordan Pena later admitted he had invented UMMO as an experiment in credulity.

Hoax: a small model photographed close to the camera, part of the UMMO affair

• Encyclopedia.com: Ummo hoaxencyclopedia.com